FLOA Privacy policy
Effective May 2026
Download the PDF file SummaryEffective May 2026
Download the PDF file SummaryWe take the protection of your personal data very
seriously.
The BNP Paribas Group, of which Floa S.A. is a part,
has in fact adopted specific rules on the protection of personal data within
its "Charter for the Protection of Personal Data" available on the website https://group.bnpparibas/protection-donnees
Floa S.A. ("We"),
as the controller of your personal data, is responsible for the collection and
processing of your personal data that it carries out as part of its activities.
Our task is to help all our
customers – private individuals – in their daily banking activities and in the
implementation of their projects thanks to our financing solutions.
We are part of an integrated banking-insurance Group and, in collaboration with the different entities of the Group, we provide our customers with a complete range of banking products and services.
The purpose of this Privacy
Policy is to explain how we process your personal data and how you can control
and manage it.
This Privacy Policy applies in the following
cases:
-
you are our customer or have a contractual relationship with us;
-
You have expressed interest in our products or services, providing us with
your personal data, for example through our websites or applications, on social
networks, or during events or promotional activities, with the aim of being
contacted.
If you provide us with
personal data relating to other people, we encourage you to inform them that we
share their data with us and invite them to read this Policy. We will make
every effort to provide them with this information directly if we have the relevant
contact details.
You have rights, described below, that you can
exercise to meaningfully control your personal data and the
processing of the same by us.
If you wish to exercise the
rights listed below, you can submit a request:
If you have any questions
regarding the use of your personal data under this Privacy Policy, you may
contact our Data Protection Officer at the following dpo@floa.com address.
2.1. You can request access to
your personal data
You can directly access some of your customer
account data on our www.floapay.it website .
If you wish to have access to your personal
data, we will provide you with a copy of the personal data you have requested
as well as information relating to its processing.
Your right of access may be limited as required
by applicable law or regulation. For example, this happens when the legal
provisions relating to anti-money laundering and countering the financing of
terrorism prohibit giving direct access to personal data processed for this
purpose.
2.2. You can ask for the
rectification of your personal data
Where you believe that your personal data is
inaccurate or incomplete, you may request that such data be amended or
supplemented accordingly. In some cases, you may be asked for supporting
documentation.
2.3. You can request the
deletion of your personal data
You may request the deletion of your personal
data, within the limits provided for by law and in cases where retention is not
necessary in relation to the purposes for which it was collected and is
processed.
2.4. You can object to the
processing of your personal data on the basis of legitimate interests
If you do not agree with the processing of your
personal data based on our legitimate interests, you may object, at any time,
on grounds relating to your particular situation, indicating the processing
activity to which you relate and the grounds for objection. We will therefore
no longer process your personal data unless there are legitimate grounds for
doing so or the processing is necessary for the establishment, exercise or
defence of our rights.
2.5. You can object to the
processing of your personal data for marketing purposes
You have
the right to object at any time to the processing of your personal data for
commercial communication purposes, including profiling, related to this
purpose.
2.6.
You can restrict the processing of your personal data
Under certain conditions,
you have the right to obtain the restriction of the processing of your data, if
it is not relevant for the purpose of the continuation of the contractual
relationship or is not necessary by law.
2.7. You have the right to object against an automated decision
In principle, you
have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated
processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects or significantly
affects you. However, such decisions may be taken when they are necessary for
the conclusion or performance of a contract with us, are authorised by
applicable law, or are based on your explicit consent.
In any case, you have the right to appeal the
decision, express your point of view and request the intervention of a
competent person to review the decision.
2.8. You can withdraw your consent
If you have given your consent to the processing
of your personal data, you can withdraw that consent at any time. We remind you
that the withdrawal of consent does not affect the legitimacy of the processing
carried out up to that moment.
2.9. You can request portability
of your personal data
You have the right to obtain a copy of the
personal data you have provided to us, in a structured, commonly used and
machine-readable format. If technically possible, you can also request that
this data be transmitted directly to another controller.
2.10.
How to lodge a complaint with the Italian Data
Protection Authority
In addition to the above rights, you can lodge a
complaint with the competent supervisory authority, which is usually that of
your place of residence, in Italy the Guarantor for the Protection of Personal
Data.
As part of a Banking Group,
we need to have a robust anti-money laundering and countering the financing of
terrorism (AML/TF) system in place in each of our centrally managed entities,
as well as a system for the application of local, European and international
sanctions.
In this context, we are
joint controllers with BNP Paribas SA, the parent company of the BNP Paribas
Group (the term "We" in this section also includes BNP Paribas SA).
3.3. Your personal data is processed to meet our legitimate interest or that of a third party
Where we base a processing activity on a legitimate interest, we weigh that interest against the interests of the data subject or with his or her fundamental rights and freedoms to ensure that there is a fair balance between them. If you would like more information about the legitimate interest pursued by a processing activity, please contact us at the following address: Service consommateur – FLOA – 36 rue de Messines – 59 686 Lille Cedex 9 or at the following email address: dpo@floa.com .
3.3.1 As part of our banking business, we process your personal data on the basis of legitimate interest to:
3.3.2.
We use your personal data to send you
commercial offers by email
We want to be able to offer you access to the
full range of products and services that best meet your needs.
Once you have become our customer, and unless
you object, Floa may send you promotional communications in electronic format
relating to our products and services, or those intermediated by us, as long as
they are similar to those you already use.
3.3.3.
We analyse your personal data to perform
standard profiling to personalise our products and offers
To improve your experience and satisfaction, we need to determine which customer group you belong to. To do this, we build a standard profile from relevant data that we select from the following information:
Unless you object, we will
perform this personalization based on standard profiling.
We may go further to better meet
your needs by performing bespoke customisation as described in the paragraph
below.
3.4.
Your personal data is processed if you have given consent
To carry out certain processing of your
personal data, we need your consent, which you can withdraw at any time.
3.4.1.
Floa
may communicate your personal data to third-party companies, belonging to the
BNP Paribas Group, which will process them as independent data controllers.
In
particular, we may communicate to these companies your contact details, the
products you have with us and the customer profile to which you belong
(obtained according to the legal bases detailed above for profiling that will
be processed by them as independent data controllers) for the purposes of
commercial information, direct offers of their products and services, carried out through automated and traditional
methods of contact.
Further consents
to the processing of your personal data may be requested where necessary to
allow us to carry out processing for purposes other than those indicated above.
For the purposes described
above, personal data may be processed manually, electronically and/or otherwise
automated according to
logics strictly related to the purposes of processing and, in any case, in such
a way as to guarantee their security and confidentiality even in the case of
processing through innovative remote communication tools.
The
data are always processed in full compliance with the principle of
proportionality of processing, according to which all personal data and data
various
methods of their processing must be relevant and not excessive in relation to
the purposes pursued.
For the purposes referred to in Article 3.2,
the data are subject to special statistical processing in order to give you a
summary judgment or a score on your degree of reliability and solvency
(so-called credit scoring), taking into account the following main types of
factors: socio-professional data and characteristics of the requested
transaction, progress and payment history of existing or terminated
relationships. Some additional information may be provided to the data subject
in the event of failure to accept a credit application. The credit scoring of
the interested party is regularly verified by Floa so that it is kept fair,
effective and impartial. In order to better assess Floa's credit risk, for the
purposes referred to in art. 3.3, communicates certain data (personal data;
type of Contract; amount of credit; repayment methods) to credit information
systems ("SIC"), which are governed by the relevant SIC Code of
Conduct approved by the Italian Data Protection Authority with Provision no.
163 of 19 September 2019. These systems are large databases set up to assess
credit risk, managed by private individuals and available to many parties. This
means that other banks or financial institutions from which the interested
party will ask for another loan, financing, credit card, etc., even to buy a
consumer good in installments, will be able to know if he has submitted a
recent loan request to Floa, if he has other loans or financing in progress and
if he regularly pays the installments.
For the purposes of concluding the contract
and for the purposes of credit protection, creditworthiness assessment as well
as for the prevention of over-indebtedness, the loan request submitted by you
to Floa will also be subject to an automated decision-making process based
exclusively on the data you provide, on the so-called credit scoring and on any
information present in the SICs. This process may result in the automatic
acceptance or rejection of the funding request submitted.
In any case, you will always have the right
to obtain human intervention in order to be able to express your opinion or
contest the decision. The SCIs to which Findomestic adheres are managed
by:
|
Data retention times in SICs |
|
|
Funding
requests |
6 months, if the investigation requires it, or 90 days in case of
refusal of the request or waiver of the same |
|
Arrears of two installments or two months then
remedied |
12
months
from regularization |
|
Higher delays remedied even on transaction |
24
months
from regularization |
|
Negative events (i.e. arrears, serious defaults,
non-performing loans) not remedied |
36 months from the date of expiry of the contract or from the date on which it
was necessary to update them (in the case of subsequent agreements or other
relevant events in relation to the repayment), in the latter case the term
may not exceed 60 months from the date of expiry of the relationship, as
shown in the loan agreement |
|
Reports that have been successful (without delays or
other negative events) |
36 months in the presence of other relationships with negative events that have
not been regularized. In the remaining cases, the term will be 60 months from
the date of termination of the relationship or expiry of the Contract, or
from the first update made in the month following such dates. |
We collect and use your
personal data, which is any information that identifies you or allows you to be
identified.
Depending
on the types of products or services we provide to you and the interactions we
have with you, we collect various types of personal data about you, including:
·
Identifying
information: e.g., marital status, full name, gender, place and
date of birth, nationality, ID number (ID card, passport), photograph, digital
selfie, signature);
·
Contact
information: postal address, email address, landline and mobile
phone number;
·
Information
about your financial and family situation: e.g. marital status, matrimonial regime, number of children and age,
household composition, housing situation: apartment or house owned or rented;
·
Economic,
financial and tax information: e.g., country
of residence, salary and other income, expenses;
·
Education and
employment information: e.g.,
occupation, seniority, employer's name, and pay;
·
Banking and
financial information related to the products and services in your
possession/request: e.g., bank
details (RIB/IBAN, bank card number, bank card expiration date), banking
institution, seniority, products and services requested/owned and used (credit,
home protection), amount and duration of products or services requested/held
and programs used, credit history,
history of products and services subscribed to or under evaluation, late
payments;
·
Transaction
data: file number corresponding to the products and
services you own/have requested, account movements and balances, transactions
including payee data such as full names, addresses and contact details, as well
as details of bank transactions, amount, date, time and type of transaction
(credit card, transfer, cheque, direct debit);
·
Data relating
to your habits and preferences in relation to the use of our products and
services;
·
Data collected
from our interactions with you: for example,
your comments, suggestions, needs collected during our exchanges with you and
online during telephone communications (conversation), email discussion, chat,
chatbot, exchanges on our social media pages, your latest complaints, and your
connection, browsing and tracking data such as cookies and trackers for
non-functional purposes. advertising or analytics on our websites, online
services, applications, social media pages in accordance with our Cookie
Management Policy;
·
Data about your
devices (mobile phone, computer, tablet, etc.): IP address, technical specifications and unique identification data;
·
Custom login
credentials or security features used to connect you to FLOA websites and apps.
We may collect sensitive data such as health data, biometric data or
data relating to crimes, subject to the strict conditions set out in data
protection regulations.
We collect personal data directly from you; However, we may also collect
personal data from other sources.
We sometimes collect data from public sources:
·
publications/databases
made available by official authorities or third parties (e.g. databases
maintained by financial sector supervisors);
·
websites/social
media pages of legal entities or business customers containing information that
the data subject has disclosed (e.g., their own website or social media page);
·
public
information such as that published in the press.
We also collect personal data from third parties:
·
by other
entities of the BNP Paribas Group;
·
from our
customers (companies or individuals);
·
from our
business partners; third parties with whom you have subscribed to a product or
service and/or who you have authorised to communicate your personal data to us;
·
credit information systems ("SICs"), as set out in Annex 2;
·
by payment
initiation service providers and account aggregators (account information
service providers);
·
from third
parties such as credit reference agencies and fraud prevention agencies;
·
by data
intermediaries who are responsible for ensuring that they collect the relevant
information lawfully.
a. With the entities of the BNP Paribas Group
As part of the BNP Paribas Group, we work closely with
the other companies of the Group around the world. Your personal data may then
be shared between BNP Paribas Group entities, where necessary, to:
·
comply with our
various legal and regulatory obligations described above;
·
to meet our
legitimate interests which are:
o
managing, preventing, detecting fraud;
o
conduct
statistical studies and develop predictive and descriptive models for business,
security, compliance, risk management and anti-fraud purposes;
improve the accuracy of certain data relating to you,
processed by BNP Paribas Group companies. In particular, data will be shared
when necessary to fulfil legal obligations incumbent on the various entities
(also for anti-money laundering purposes by sharing your anti-money laundering
profile at group level with a view to centralised and shared risk monitoring –
Appendix 1) and to always have accurate and up-to-date data (e.g. contact
details where necessary for an entity to contact you).;
b. With recipients outside the BNP Paribas group and data
processors
In order to fulfill some of the purposes described in this Privacy
Policy, we may, where necessary, share your personal data with:
·
data processors
who perform services on our behalf (e.g. IT services, logistics, printing
services, telecommunications, debt collection, consultancy, distribution and
marketing) as well as with auditing firms that support our business, and with
whom Floa has defined specific obligations regarding the processing of personal
data;
·
banking and
business partners, independent agents, intermediaries or brokers, financial
institutions, counterparties, trade repositories with whom we have a
relationship:
o
if such
transmission is necessary to enable us to provide you with the services and
products or to perform our contractual obligations or transactions (e.g.,
banks, correspondent banks, payment system operators, payment card issuers or
intermediaries);
o
To allow you to
use the services/products jointly offered as part of the partnership (e.g. we
may notify the Partner of the opening of the relationship with us if necessary
to offer you dedicated services that are part of the partnership you wanted to
benefit from);
·
credit
information systems ("SICs"), as set out in Annex 2;
·
financial,
fiscal, administrative, criminal or judicial authorities, local or foreign,
arbitrators or mediators, public authorities or institutions, to which we, or
any member of the BNP Paribas Group, are required to communicate pursuant to:
o
their request;
o
our defense,
action or proceeding;
o
comply with a
regulation or recommendation issued by a competent authority that applies to us
or any member of the BNP Paribas Group;
·
third-party
payment service providers (your bank account information), for the purpose of
providing you with a payment initiation or account information service, if you
have consented to the transfer of your personal data to that third party;
·
certain
regulated professions such as lawyers, bailiffs, notaries or auditors, when
necessary in specific circumstances (litigation, auditing, etc.), as well as to
our insurers or to an actual or proposed purchaser of the BNP Paribas Group's
companies or assets.
In the case of international transfers from the European Economic Area
(EEA) to a non-EEA country, the transfer of your personal data may take place.
Where the European Commission has recognised that a non-EEA country provides an
adequate level of data protection, the data subject's personal data may be
transferred on this basis.
For transfers to non-EEA countries where the level of protection has not
been recognised as adequate by the European Commission, we will either rely on
an exception applicable to the specific situation (for example, if the transfer
is necessary to perform our contract with you, for example when making an
international payment) or implement one of the following safeguards to ensure
the protection of your personal data:
·
Standard
contractual clauses approved by the European Commission;
· Binding
corporate rules.
To obtain a copy of such warranties or detailed information about where
they are available, you may submit a written request as indicated in the dpofloa@floa.com.
We retain your personal data for the following periods:
·
If you are one
of our customers, your personal data is kept for 5 years from the end of your
contract and the closure of your customer account.
·
Your contract
is kept for 10 years, in accordance with our legal obligations.
·
If you are one
of our potential customers (you do not have a contract with us), your personal
data is kept for 3 years from the date of collection or the last contact by
you.
·
If your credit
application is unsuccessful, your personal data is kept for 6 months from the
date of rejection of your application.
·
Special case of
fraud reports and overt fraud:
o In the event of a fraud alert: any external fraud notice that is not
qualified within 12 months of issuance is immediately deleted;
o In case of serious fraud: the data relating to serious fraud are kept
for a maximum of 5 years from the closure of the fraud file.
·
Recordings of
phone calls: these are kept for the time necessary to achieve the purpose for
which they were made.
For example, in order to improve
the automation and efficiency of our operational processes and customer service, a part of our telephone exchanges may be retained
for a maximum duration of six months (unless the data subject objects).
- Cookies and tracers: The procedures for placing cookies and other
tracers are detailed in our dedicated Policy.
When a friendly, administrative or judicial procedure is underway, your
personal data is stored until its conclusion. It is then filed in accordance
with the applicable statutory statute of limitations. You will be informed of
any processing of personal data with a retention period other than those listed
above.
Subject to legal exceptions, the data subject has the rights over his or
her personal data described in Article 2.
In a world where technologies are constantly evolving, this Privacy
Policy is regularly reviewed and updated as needed.
We encourage you to review the latest version of this document online
and we will notify you of any significant changes through our website or
through our standard communication channels.
We are part of a Banking
Group that must adopt and maintain a robust anti-money laundering and
countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) program for all its centrally
managed entities, an anti-corruption program, as well as a mechanism to ensure
compliance with international sanctions (i.e. any economic or trade sanctions,
including associated laws, regulations,
restrictive measures, embargoes and asset freezes issued, administered, imposed
or enforced by the French Republic, the European Union, the Office of Foreign
Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury and any
competent authority in the territories in which the BNP Paribas Group is
established).
In this context, we act as
joint controllers together with BNP Paribas SA, the parent company of the BNP
Paribas Group (the term "we" or "us" as used in this
appendix therefore also includes BNP Paribas SA).
To comply with AML/CFT
obligations and international sanctions, we perform the processing operations
listed below to comply with our legal obligations:
·
A Know Your Customer (KYC) program reasonably designed to identify,
verify, and update the identity of our customers, including, where applicable,
their beneficial owners and proxy holders;
·
Enhanced due diligence for high-risk clients, Politically Exposed
Persons or "PEPs" (PEPs are persons defined by
legislation who, due to their function or position (political, judicial or
administrative), are more exposed to such risks), and for situations of
increased risk;
· written policies,
procedures and controls reasonably designed to ensure that the Bank does not
establish or maintain relationships with shell banks;
·
A policy, based on internal assessment of risks and economic situation,
not to elaborate or otherwise engage, regardless of currency, in activities or
business:
o
for, on behalf of, or for the benefit of any individual, entity or
organization subject to Sanctions by the French Republic, the European Union,
the United States, the United Nations or, in some cases, other local sanctions
in the territories in which the Group operates;
o
involving directly or indirectly sanctioned territories, including
Crimea/Sevastopol, Cuba, Iran, North Korea or Syria;
o
involving financial institutions or territories that could be linked or
controlled by terrorist organizations, recognized as such by the competent
authorities in France, the European Union, the United States or the United
Nations.
·
Customer database screening and transaction filtering reasonably
designed to ensure compliance with applicable laws;
·
Systems and processes designed to detect and report suspicious activity
to the relevant regulators;
· A compliance program
reasonably designed to prevent and detect bribery, bribery, and illicit
influence under France's "Sapin II" law, the U.S. FCPA, and
the United Kingdom's Bribery Act.
In this context, we use:
· services provided by
third-party providers who maintain up-to-date lists of PEPs such as Dow Jones
Factiva (provided by Dow Jones & Company, Inc.) and the World-Check service
(provided by REFINITIV, REFINITIV US LLC and London Bank of Exchanges);
· publicly available
information in the press on facts related to money laundering, terrorist
financing or corruption;
·
knowledge of a risky behaviour or situation (existence of a suspicious
transaction report or equivalent) that can be identified at the BNP Paribas
Group level.
We carry out these checks
when you enter into a relationship with us, but also throughout the
relationship we have with you, both about yourself and the transactions you
make. At the end of the relationship and if you have been the subject of a
report, this information will be retained in order to identify you and to
adjust our controls in the event that you enter into a new relationship with an
entity of the BNP Paribas Group, or in the context of a transaction to which
you are a party.
In order to comply with our
legal obligations, we exchange the information collected for AML/CFT,
anti-corruption or international sanctions purposes between BNP Paribas Group
entities. When your data is exchanged with countries outside the European Economic
Area that do not provide an adequate level of protection, the transfers are
governed by the European Commission's standard contractual clauses. When
additional data is collected and exchanged in order to comply with the
regulations of non-EU countries, this processing is necessary for our
legitimate interest, which is to enable the BNP Paribas Group and its entities
to comply with their legal obligations and to avoid local sanctions.
We carry out various types
of profiling, the characteristics of which are described below. Profiling, in
whole or in part, can be carried out in a fully automated manner, in accordance
with Article 2.7.
1.
Defining and implementing scoring rules for
marketing purposes
Defining scoring rules for
marketing purposes allows FLOA to know the interest of its customers and
potential customers in a product or service and their preferences, in
particular with regard to the communication channel used. FLOA can thus adapt
its offer (proposed product or service and characteristics of the offer) and
the frequency of contact.
The data taken into account
for the determination of scoring models can be any data about you, collected
directly or indirectly.
Let's select a few fields
that are useful for modeling scoring rules for marketing purposes, which can be
correlated with one or more others and then associated with a weighting.
Scoring rules modeled in
this way can be used to:
· establish segments and
categories of customers and prospects (e.g. based on the behavior observed when
applying for a loan);
· identify the desire of
customers and potential customers for a product or service;
· measure the responsiveness
of customers and prospects when they receive and open an offer sent by
email/SMS and identify the preferences of customers and prospects regarding the
communication channel used.
FLOA can therefore adapt
its offers (products or services proposed and characteristics of the offers),
the pace and the communication channel in order to respect the choices of its
customers and potential customers, provide them with quality information and
services, adapted to their needs, and improve their satisfaction.
This purpose may have the effect of excluding
certain people from marketing campaigns and/or certain communication channels.
2.
Definition and implementation of scoring rules for the purposes of
granting and collection
The definition and scoring rules for the
purposes of granting and collection allows FLOA to control credit risk (in the
case of potential customers) and the risk of non-payment (in the case of
customers).
The data taken into account for the
determination of scoring models can be any data about you, collected directly
or indirectly.
We select a few fields that are useful for
modeling scoring rules for granting and collection purposes, which can then be
correlated with one or more others and associated with a weighting.
In order to better assess the credit risk score, in
accordance with the procedures defined in paragraph 4 of this policy, we
communicate certain data (personal data, type of contract, amount of credit,
repayment methods) to the credit information systems ("SICs"),
governed by the relevant SIC Code of Conduct approved by the Italian Data
Protection Authority with Provision no. 163 of 19 September 2019.
These are large databases set up to assess credit
risk, managed by private individuals and available to several subjects.
This means that
other banks or financial institutions from which the interested party will ask
for another loan, financing, credit card, etc., even for the installment
purchase of a consumer good, will be able to know if he has submitted a recent
loan request, if he has other loans or financing in progress and if he
regularly pays the installments.
For the purposes of concluding the contract and for
the purposes of credit protection, creditworthiness assessment as well as the
prevention of over-indebtedness, the loan application submitted by you to us
will also be subject to an automated decision-making process based exclusively
on the data you provide, so-called credit scoring and any information contained
in the SICs.
This process may result in the automatic acceptance or
rejection of the funding request submitted. In any case, you will always have
the right to obtain human intervention to be able to express your opinion or
challenge the decision. The SCI to which we belong is managed by:
CRIF S.p.A.: with registered office in Bologna, Public
Relations Office: Via Zanardi, n. 41, 40131 Bologna, Fax: 0516458940, Tel:
0516458900, www.crif.it website, positive and negative SIC, which includes, as
categories of participants: banks, financial intermediaries, private
individuals who, in the exercise of a commercial or professional activity,
grant deferrals of payment of the consideration for the supply of goods or
services.
The scoring rules modeled in this way can be
used to calculate credit risk (in the case of potential customers) and the risk
of non-payment (in the case of customers), allowing the person concerned to:
·
subscribe to a product appropriate to its borrowing capacity;
·
prevent the risk of debt collection/over-indebtedness;
·
be protected, in the case of customers identified as
"fragile".
This purpose may have the effect of excluding
certain persons from taking out a loan (refusal), of determining a change in
the maximum amount of the loan or of generating the proposal of a product
better suited to the lending capacity of the person concerned.
3.
Definition and implementation of scoring rules to combat fraud
Defining scoring rules to combat fraud allows
FLOA to identify signals that can help detect fraud, such as technical and
behavioral environments that favor the action of a potential fraudster.
The data taken into account for the
determination of scoring models can be any data about you, collected directly
or indirectly.
We select a few fields that are useful for
modeling scoring rules to combat fraud, which can then be correlated with one
or more others and associated with a weighting.
Implementing scoring rules modeled in this
way allows FLOA to:
·
prevent fraudulent behaviour,
·
detect fraudulent behavior,
·
combat fraudulent behavior.
This may result in the exclusion of certain
persons from taking out a claim (refusal to grant), the termination of ongoing
contractual relationships or the initiation of amicable or judicial
proceedings.